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SPORTS MEDICINE'S NEW FRONTIERS

Surgeries that were once repairs are now reconstructions, enabling athletes to return to the field sooner and even better. Novel prostheses are allowing maimed soldiers to compete at the elite level of sports. Researchers of motor skills and pain tolerance, who once relied on crude measures, now study brain imagery to analyze neural activity. Many long-held axioms of sports physiology have been exposed as myths. And yet, as always with serious scientific inquiry, the journey so far has shown us how much farther there is to go—and how much more there is to learn

SURGERY

PAGE 48

PROSTHETICS

PAGE 50

MOTOR SKILLS

PAGE 54

PAIN

PAGE 58

FOUR ILLUSTRATIONS

ILLUSTRATIONS BY BRYAN CHRISTIE